1805
If the map for 1795 fairly represents the political state of India before the arrival of Wellesley [later Lord Wellington], this one shows the country after the administration of that distinguished statesman (1798-1805).
Commentary continued below
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The power of Tippu had been for ever crushed in the fourth Mysore war (1798-1799), and the districts of Kanara, Coimbatore, Wainad, and the Nilgiri Hills were annexed by the English. The Nizam in 1800 ceded the districts of Bellari and Cuddapah, and all the territories to the south of the Tungabhadra and to the south of the Kistna below the junction of those two rivers, which had been part of his share in the cessions after the third and fourth Mysore wars, for the maintenance of a subsidiary force. They are henceforth known as the "Ceded Districts of Haidarabad." In 1800 a dispute arose as to the succession in Tanjore. Wellesley being called upon to arbitrate annexed the state. In 1801 the nawab of Oudh was forced to cede, for the maintenance of a subsidiary force, the districts of Allahabad, Fatehpur, Cawnpur, Azamgarh, Gorakhpur, Bareilly, Moradabad, Bijnaur, Budaun, and Shahjahanpur, called the "Ceded Districts of Oudh". In the same year (1801) the Carnatic was annexed to the British possessions, because the late nawab had frequently put obstructions in the way of the Marquis of Wellesley, and had held treacherous correspondence with Tippu. From 1802-1803 the second Mahratta war was fought; the English, the Peshwa, and the Nizam being on one side, with Bhonsle of Nagpur and Sindia on the other. Bhonsle and Sindia were defeated all along the line. By the treaty of Dewalgaon, 1803, the raja of Nagpur ceded to the British and their allies the province of Cuttack, including Balasor, the territory west of the Wardha river and south of Gawilgarh. Narnala, Gawilgarh, and some districts south of these forts were, however, restored to Bhonsle. By the treaty of Sirji Arjenjaon, 1803, Sindia ceded to the British and their allies his territories between the Jumna and Ganges, all the territory situated north-east of the Rajput states, and the districts and towns of Broach and Ahmadnagar. Of these territories, the Nizam received the whole tract west of the Wardha and south of the hills on which stand Gawilgarh and Narnala down as far as the Godaveri, whilst the Peshwa received the district and fort of Ahmadnagar. Territories in Bundelkhand contiguous to the British possessions and yielding thirty-six lakhs of rupees, were ceded by the Peshwa for the maintenance of a subsidiary force in 1803.
The British supremacy had been recognised in the following states: Kuch Behar in 1772, Cochin in 1791, Haidarabad in 1798, Mysore in 1799, Barodain 1802, Ram pur in 1801, the Peshwa' s dominions in 1802, Sindia' s dominions in 1804, Travancore in 1805, in Bhartpur, Alwar, and Dholpur between 1802 and 1806.
The Amirs of Sindh and the Sikhs had by this time acquired independence. The Sikhs on the right bank of the Sutlej were ruled by Eanjit Singh who, in 1798, had been appointed governor of Lahore by the Afghan king, but had gradually assumed independence. Bahawalpur was independent in 1805, Kashmir was still ruled by the Afghans. The Gurkhas of Nepal had been steadily extending their territory to the west. In Cutch anarchy prevailed.
In 1805 the English were at war with Holkar on behalf of the Rajputs, their allies. [51-52]
Bibliography
Joppen, Charles. Historical Atlas of India. London: Longsmans, Green, 1914. Internet Archive version of a copy in the University of California Library. Web. 1 October 2014.
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Last modified 19 July 2020